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Grain Size Analysis in Whanganui — Sieve & Hydrometer Testing

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The alluvial soils along the Whanganui River demand a different approach than the volcanic ash layers you find up in St. Johns Hill. In Whanganui, a simple visual classification rarely tells the full story — the proportion of fines versus sands directly controls how a soil will behave under load and water. We run the full grain size analysis in Whanganui combining mechanical sieving for coarse fractions with a hydrometer test for the silt and clay fraction passing the 75 µm sieve. This dual method gives you a complete particle size distribution curve, from gravel down to colloidal clay, which is essential input for NZS 3404 and NZGS soil classification. For projects near the river terraces in Whanganui, we often pair this with an Atterberg limits test to confirm the plasticity characteristics of the fine portion, since Whanganui silts can exhibit surprising cohesion.

If your Whanganui site has more than 12% fines, the soil stops behaving like a free-draining granular material — and your drainage design must change.

Process and scope

Last year we processed samples from a multi-storey build on Taupo Quay where the bore logs showed alternating layers of sandy gravel and silty sand. The contractor needed a precise grain size analysis in Whanganui to calibrate their dewatering plan — fines content above 15% would mean a completely different well-point spacing. Our lab ran the full NZS 4402 suite: wash sieving through the 75 µm sieve, oven drying, then mechanical shaking through a stack from 37.5 mm down to 75 µm, followed by a 24-hour hydrometer sedimentation test on the minus-75 µm fraction. The report included the D10, D30, D50, D60 values and the uniformity coefficient, which the geotechnical engineer used directly in the filter design. In Whanganui's layered geology, we also recommend a CPT test to correlate the tip resistance with the particle size profile, giving you a continuous stratigraphic log without gaps between samples.
Grain Size Analysis in Whanganui — Sieve & Hydrometer Testing
Technical reference image — Whanganui

Local geotechnical context

Whanganui sits at roughly 20 metres above sea level near the river mouth, but the groundwater table often sits less than 2 metres below surface in the lower terraces. A grain size analysis that misses the hydrometer portion can underestimate the silt and clay fraction by 10 to 20 percentage points — and that error compounds fast. Soils with high silt content in Whanganui are prone to piping failure under hydraulic gradients, and the 2015 floods showed exactly how quickly unprotected excavations can collapse when the fines wash out. We run the full sedimentation analysis in Whanganui because skipping the hydrometer to save a day means you are designing blind for internal erosion risk. The NZGS guidelines are clear on this: any soil with more than 35% passing the 75 µm sieve must be tested for both particle size and plasticity to be correctly classified under the Unified Soil Classification System.

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Technical parameters

ParameterTypical value
Sieve range75 µm to 37.5 mm (full stack)
Hydrometer methodASTM D422 / NZS 4402 compliant
Sample mass (dry)200 g to 5 kg depending on max particle size
Dispersing agentSodium hexametaphosphate solution
Sedimentation cylinder1000 mL, temperature controlled
Report outputsPSD curve, D10/D30/D50/D60, Cu, Cc, % gravel/sand/silt/clay

Associated technical services

01

Full Sieve + Hydrometer Package

The complete particle size distribution from coarse gravel to clay fraction. Includes wash sieving, mechanical dry sieving, and 24-hour hydrometer sedimentation. Suitable for foundation investigations and earthwork specification compliance in Whanganui.

02

Sieve-Only Analysis (Coarse Soils)

Mechanical sieving from 37.5 mm to 75 µm for clean sands and gravels where fines content is visually low. Faster turnaround when hydrometer data is not required by the brief.

03

Wet Sieve Fines Check

A rapid wash-through-75 µm test to quantify the sub-sieve fraction. Useful for preliminary screening in Whanganui before committing to a full hydrometer run.

Applicable standards

NZS 4402:1986 Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes, NZS 3404:2009 Steel structures standard (soil-structure interaction clauses), NZGS Guideline: Field description of soil and rock, USCS classification per NZGS practice

Quick answers

How much does a grain size analysis cost in Whanganui?

A full sieve plus hydrometer analysis typically ranges from NZ$190 to NZ$280 per sample, depending on the number of samples and whether we handle the sample preparation in our lab or receive pre-dried material.

How long does the hydrometer test take?

The sedimentation phase runs for a minimum of 24 hours after the sample has been dispersed. With sample preparation, sieving, and reporting, the full grain size analysis is usually completed within 3 to 4 working days from sample receipt.

What sample mass do you need for a grain size test?

It depends on the maximum particle size. For soils with gravel up to 20 mm, we need around 2 to 3 kg of dry material. For clean sands, 500 g is usually sufficient. We can advise on sample size once we know the bore log or trial pit description from your Whanganui site.

Location and service area

We serve projects in Whanganui and surrounding areas. More info.

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